Showing posts with label Company Law. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Company Law. Show all posts

Tata Cara Pendirian CV (Commanditaire Vennootschap)

Click here for english version.
CV atau Commandiatire Vennootschap atau biasa disebut sebagai Persekutuan Komanditaer diatur dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Dagang pasal 119. KUHD menyatakan bahwa CV adalah kemitraan yang terdiri dari mitra pasif dan mitra aktif. CV dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu perusahaan yang didirikan oleh satu atau beberapa orang secara tanggung-menanggung bertanggung jawab untuk seluruhnya atau bertanggung jawab secaraa solider, dengan satu orang atau lebih sebagai pelepas uang (geldshieter).
Pendirian
Proses pendirian CV relatif lebih mudah dibandingkan bentuk usaha lain semisal Perseroan Terbatas. Pendirian CV dapat dilakukan secara tertulis atau secara lisan, baik dengan akta otentik ataupun dibawah tangan. Namun untuk kekuatan hukum serta kepastian hukum untuk pihak ketiga sebaiknya pendirian CV dilakukan secara tertulis dengan Akta Otentik yang dibuat oleh Notaris. Meskipun tidak ada kewajiban untuk melakukan pengumuman didalam berita Negara Republik Indonesia, CV dapat didaftakan di Pengadilan Negeri Setempat. Untuk memperkuat legalitas CV, biasanya ada beberapa legalitas lainnya yang diperlukan yaitu mempunyai Surat Keterangan Domisili Perusahaan (SKDP), Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP) Surat Izin Usaha Perdagangan (SIUP) dan Surat Keanggotaan Kadin. Legalitas ini seringkali menjadi prasyarat apabila CV ingin ikut serta dalam tender-tender tertentu baik yang diselenggarakan oleh instansi pemerintah maupun swasta.
Status Hukum
Menurut ketentuan Perundag-undangan Indonesia, CV bukanlah suatu badan Hukum. Meskipun begitu kekayaan/aset yang dimiliki oleh CV terpisah dengan kekayaan/aset yang dimiliki oleh para mitranya baik mitra pasif atau mitra aktif.
Perbedaan PT dengan CV
Apabila ada keinginan untuk mendirikan CV sebagai suatu badan usaha, ada baiknya memperhatikan perbedaan CV dengan PT.
  1. Pengurus CV bertanggung jawab penuh, sedankan Pengurus PT bertanggun jawab terbatas pada sahamnya;
  2. Bila anggota CV meninggal dunia maka CV bubar, hal ini tidak berlaku pada PT meskipun terjadi pergantian kepengurusan;
  3. Pengurus CV bertindak selama perseroan berjalan sedangkan pada PT tidak berjalan seperti itu;
  4. CV terbagi atas saham yang mempunyai komisaris namun tetap komanditaer, sedangkan dalam PT selalu ada komisaris
  5. Pada CV ada sekutu pasif dan aktif sedangkan dalam PT tidak dikenal istilah demikian. Pemegang saham bertanggung jawab sebatas kepemilikan modalnya yang tertuang dalam saham-saham.

Examples of Deed (Contoh Akta-akta Pendirian)

Having seen the practical condition of the establishment of legal entity or form of organization in Indonesia, I thought it is essential to provide copy of the standard of deed of establishment used by Public Notary for various legal entity like PT, CV, Association etc. The Deeds are in Bahasa Indonesia while for English translation will be further posted.

For the Deed of Local PT please click here
For the Deed of Foreign Investment company or PT PMA click here
For the Deed of CV please click here

For the Deed of Association please click here
However, the standard of these deeds can be amended depending on the need of the founder. The laws and regulations should be taken into account once the founder wants to change these standard draft.

Company (PT) Establishment in Indonesia

The establishment of limited liablity company ("PT") in indonesia is governed under the law number 40 Year 2007 (40/7) regarding Company Law. This law supersedes the law number 1 year 1995 regarding company law.
A. Requirement
It is required minimum 2 (two) persons to establish a PT with notarial deed made in Indonesian language. The requirement of two people in establishing a company in Indonesia has its roots on the basic of contractual law principle. A company is established based on contractual relation. A contractual relation involves at least two people. it is for sure that contractual relation cannot be made unless involving at least two party/persons.
The law mentions that the minimum shareholder for PT establishment is two person. This is somewhat intriguing. Arguably, In my opinion the requirement should be minimum two party not people or person. A word party will be much acceptable since the founder of PT can also be a legal entity like PT itself, foundation or other legal entity. The next question arise if the founder of PT is a legal entity, is it still need at least two shareholder. Again arguably, in my opinion one shareholder of legal entity supposedly sufficient to establish a PT, because undoubtedly a legal entity in the form of PT is established by minimum two people. So that if a PT becoming a founder of another PT, then one party is considerably sufficient for the establishment.
A couple which has a relation as husband and wife can not jointly establish a PT since they are considered to represent one legal subject. However, for those who made a prenuptial agreement can jointly establish a PT since they are considered as separate legal subject.
Requirement of at least two person as founder or shareholder is excluded for the State Limited Liability Companies all of whose shares are owned by the State or Companies managing stock exchanges, clearing and guarantee houses, central securities depositories, and other institutions which further regulated in the Capital Markets Act.
B. Legalization
The next step for the PT establishment is submitting an application to the Minister of Law and Human Rights (MOLHR). The application process for the establishment of PT is through electronic system called "Sisminbakum". Unfortunately, this system can only be accessed by Public Notary. The applicant will fill a standard format which include minimum information as follow :
a. Company's name and legal domicile
b. Company's period of incorporation
c. the purpose and objective and business activities of the Company;
d. the amount of authorised capital, subscribed capital, and paid up capital;
e. the Company’s full address.
The application to obtain a decision from MOLHR shall be submitted not later than 60 (sixty) days after the date of the Deed of establishment is signed. Should all the requirement for the application is fulfilled, than within maximum 14 (fourteen) days the MOLHR will issue a decision regarding legalization for the establishment of PT. PT will automatically obtain its legal entity when the decision for the legalization of the PT is issued.
C. Registration
Any company under the laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia is obliged to be registered to Company Registry in line with the law no. 3 year 1982 regarding company registry. The Data of the company is submitted to company registry simultaneously with :
  • the Decree of the Minister regarding the ratification of the Company as a legal entity, or the approval of the amendments to the articles of association for which approval is necessary;
  • the receipt of notification of amendments to the articles of association which do not need approval; or
  • the receipt of notification of changes in the Company’s data which do not constitute amendments of the articles of association.
D. Announcement
A company which has been registered will be announced in the State Gazette. The announcement will be held by the MOLHR not later than 14 (fourteen) days after the issuance of the MOLHR decision on the legalization of PT establishment.